![]() India has built and commissioned INS Arihant, the lone SSBN. The Redoubtable class’s French SSBNs were the only ones that preceded the Rubis class SSNs. The UK’s Royal Navy first built the Dreadnought class SSN before acquiring the Resolution class SSBNs. The Russians, considered a very formidable operator of nuclear submarines, first built their November class SSNs before graduating to the Hotel class SSBNs. Before graduating from an SSN – Han class, the Chinese built an SSBN – Xia class submarine. The US Navy, the frontline nuclear maritime vessels operating country, first built an SSN, the USS Nautilus, before commissioning an SSBN five years later in USS George Washington. Most nations that operate SSBNs and SSNs have first constructed SSNs before graduating to SSBNs. SSNs are quick and use that speed for hunting down the enemy and then prey on them. SSBNs are fast, but they instead prefer quiet to mobility. On the other hand, SSNs are like hounds looking for their prey. SSBNs sail out, dive, and stay quietly, waiting for orders to do what only they can. She had a more agile and nimble footed friend in INS Chakra, a Ship Submersible Nuclear or SSN more precisely, a nuclear attack submarine that was on lease from Russia and has since been returned. She is the ‘lone wolf’ in the maritime domain for India’s nuclear triad, maintaining a quite vigil in the depths of the ocean, waiting to unleash Armageddon on any hostile nation that launches a nuclear strike on India. It was a perfect launch by the crew of INS Arihant, India’s lone Ship Submersible Ballistic Nuclear or, to use the more commonly used acronym, SSBN Submarine. ![]() "The delivery of the fuel in sealed reactors and the absence of an Australian fuel cycle could potentially alleviate some of these concerns.On 14 October 2022, a nuclear-capable ballistic missile emerged from the depths of the sea and landed at a pre-designated location. "That said, China has claimed that the transfer of the highly-enriched uranium itself represents a breach of the spirit of the NPT," Kaushal said. Nonetheless, the plan seems significantly more risky to me than the French-Australian alternative," he added.īut Sidharth Kaushal, a research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, a think tank in London, said the exemption for naval nuclear reactors has always been there and pointed out that India leased Soviet nuclear-powered submarines before it got nuclear weapons. "The AUKUS partners have tried hard to mitigate the technical and proliferation risks and, to some extent, they have succeeded. I worry that other states with more nefarious goals would face minimal pushback for withdrawing nuclear material from IAEA safeguards, as Australia will do,” he said in a series of tweets Monday. “I’m not worried Australia will develop nukes. “The big proliferation risk is precedent,” said James Acton, co-director of the nuclear policy program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. However, the AUKUS deal uses a clause that allows fissile material, the key component in nuclear weapons, to be transferred to a nonnuclear state without the need for it to be inspected by the U.N.'s International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) when it is not used for “explosive use.” The five main states with nuclear weapons - the U.S., Britain, France, Russia and China - are all signatories to the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), which pledges to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and work toward nuclear disarmament. "The three countries have gone further and further down a wrong and dangerous road for their own selfish political gains, in complete disregard of the concerns of the international community,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said at a regular news briefing. ![]() ![]() And Beijing hit back Tuesday, accusing the trio of putting the system of nuclear nonproliferation at risk. The deal - known as AUKUS - exploits a loophole in a landmark global nuclear treaty, which has raised fears from arms control experts. ![]()
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